Publications and media
Summary - Aligning Climate, nature and Development: a crosscutting ambition for the planet 2025 - 2030
This document presents a summary of the crosscutting “Planet” roadmap for the 2025–2030 period. The new international landscape and the proven links between the climate crisis, the biodiversity crisi...
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Transport & Mobility – 2024 Activity report
The mobility of people and goods is an essential condition for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). There has been progress, but gaps remain on climate and sustainability issues. The...
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Evaluation of the Rural Development Project Phase II, Palestinian Territories (CPS1198)
The project aims to promote inclusive development and strengthen Palestinian sovereignty, local governance, and sustainable development of 19 communities in Area C, over a 42-month period from 2021 to...
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Mid-Term Evaluation for Agroecology and Safe Food System Transitions (ASSET) Project
ASSET project’s objective is to make food and agricultural systems in Southeast Asia more sustainable, safer and inclusive, through harnessing the potential of Agroecology to transform them. At the...
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International solidarity: What impact does it really have? L’Éco du monde #7
As international solidarity policies are being questioned, what can be said about their outcomes and impacts over the past decades? How essential are innovation, experimentation, and evaluation in imp...
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Inequality Matters: Can the GNU solve inequality in South Africa?
South Africa remains the most unequal society in the world, with persistent disparities rooted in the legacies of colonialism and apartheid. Despite three decades of democracy and redistributive polic...
Comparative analysis of biodiversity measurement approaches for public development banks
Biodiversity loss is a major global challenge, pushing public development banks (PDBs) to align with frameworks such as the GBF, TNFD, and CSRD. To support this, AFD and EBRD assessed six biodiversity...
Infographic - Digital Technology-2024 AFD Group's activity
in 2024, AFD Group took strong action to promote digital infrastructure, services and an economy that work for everyone, while respecting individual freedoms and national sovereignty. With a unified a...
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Just Energy Transition, Structural Inequities, and Social Mobility: The Case of Mexico
Mexico’s energy transition unfolds in a context of deep structural inequalities and persistently low social mobility. While most households have electricity, large disparities remain in affordability,...
Institutional Implementation of In-Kind Subsidies for Distributed Generation: Multi-Level Governance and Poli...
This article develops an institutional implementation model for a public policy aimed at replacing traditional residential electricity subsidies with in-kind schemes through the delivery of solar phot...
Redesigning Electricity Subsidies for Distributed Generation in Mexico: A Fair Transition Model Applied to Nue...
Mexico is faced with a dual energy challenge: to move forward in a transition towards clean sources while meeting the immediate nearshoring demands, calling for a reliable electricity infrastructure....
Analysis of the Social Impacts and Vulnerabilities Linked to the Just Dimension of an Energy Transition in Mex...
Mexico’s just energy transition (JET) requires addressing both decarbonization and deep social inequalities. This study analyzes four high-impact measures: the retirement of fossil-fuel plants, the ex...
Digital technology: 2024 Activity report
In 2024, digital technology was a driving force in major economic, social, environmental, and democratic transitions. It provides powerful responses to the climate crisis, rising inequality, the trans...
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Ameliorating the Consequences of Coal Job Destruction - A Just Transition Policy Matrix Approach
Ensuring a just energy transition in South Africa requires supporting workers to absorb the negative shocks of structural change. Central to this is the design of a comprehensive social protection pac...
The sustainable valuation of the Congo Basin forests: A real possibility?
Spanning some 268 million hectares across Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), the Central African Republic, and Equatorial Guinea, the forests of the Co...
Reducing Inequalities: Insights from the EU-AFD Research Facility
In this summary, find more information about the lessons learned, tools, and partnerships developed within the framework of the EU-AFD Facility for Research on Inequalities between 2020 and 2025.
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Beyond Redistribution: Market Power, Firm Structure, and the South African Labour Market
This paper examines how firm structure and market power shape inequality in South Africa. Moving beyond a narrow focus on fiscal redistribution, it introduces a pre-distribution lens that highlights t...
Ex-post evaluation of the project Extension of the drinking water supply system in Nairobi (CKE1074)
The project, financed by AFD and implemented by Athi Water Works Development Agency (AWWDA), is part of a wider project to improve Nairobi's drinking water supply, in line with the city's drinking wat...
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Data Analytics for a Just Transition. Distributional Impacts of Environmental Policies (Indonesia)
Indonesia’s commitment to the Paris Agreement has placed carbon pricing through taxes and emissions trading at the center of its climate policy. These instruments are designed to reduce greenhouse gas...
Corporate Social Responsibility and Activity Report 2025
At the Presidential Council for International Partnerships (CPPI) convened on April 4, 2025, development policy was reaffirmed as a cornerstone of France’s international engagement, alongside diplomac...
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